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When you re testing PL/SQL code embedded in procedures and packages, it s nice to have some way of knowing how long it will be until the program finishes executing. If the code fails, you would like to know what parts it completed successfully before failing. The DBMS_OUTPUT package helps you by enabling output to be sent from within procedures and packages. You can use the package to send messages to other packages or triggers, or you can have it output debugging information straight to your screen. I ll present some simple examples to show how to use the important procedures in this package. You can use the PUT_LINE and PUT procedures to send output to the screen or to the buffer. The PUT_LINE procedure puts an entire line into the buffer at one time, and the PUT procedure builds the line piece by piece. The maximum size of the buffer is 1,000,000 bytes. Listing 24-7 shows how to use the PUT_LINE procedure to print output to the screen so you can see the results of executing your PL/SQL code. Listing 24-7. Using the DBMS_OUTPUT Package SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SQL> DECLARE 2 v_lastname hr.employees.last_name%TYPE; 3 v_firstname hr.employees.first_name%TYPE; 4 v_salary hr.employees.salary%TYPE; 5 v_maxsalary hr.employees.salary%TYPE; 6 BEGIN 7 SELECT MAX(salary) INTO v_maxsalary FROM hr.employees; 8 SELECT first_name INTO v_firstname FROM hr.employees 9 WHERE salary=v_maxsalary; 10 SELECT last_name INTO v_lastname FROM hr.employees 11 WHERE salary=v_maxsalary; 12 dbms_output.put_line(' The person with the highest salary is 13 '||v_firstname||v_lastname||'and the salary is :'||v_maxsalary); 14* END; SQL> / The person with the highest salary is Valerie Alapati and the salary is: 75000 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL>

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You won t see the output on your screen unless you use the command SET SERVEROUTPUT ON first in SQL*Plus. The default value for this is OFF, so you won t see any output if you forget to set the value to ON.

The DBMS_REPAIR package enables you to detect and repair block corruption in database tables and indexes. When you suspect block corruption, you can drop and re-create the object, but it may not always be feasible to do so. You can perform media recovery if the corruption is extensive. You may also create a new table by selecting out all the good rows from the table. The DBMS_REPAIR package offers you a better way to tackle block corruption without the need to take the objects offline. The procedures in this package will help you detect corruption and fix it with ease, while users continue to use the database as usual. The DBMS_REPAIR package can make objects with corrupt blocks usable, but you do lose the data in the blocks. You can make the objects usable by using the procedure FIX_CORRUPT_BLOCKS to mark them as corrupted, and then use the SKIP_ CORRUPT_BLOCKS procedure to ensure that Oracle never attempts to read them again.

This section presents a simple example to show the functionality of the DBMS_REPAIR package. The first step is to create a pair of tables called repair_table and orphan_key_table to hold the corrupt blocks, if any are found during the investigation. You use the procedure ADMIN_TABLES to create the repair table, whose default name is repair_table. Listing 24-8 shows the execution of the ADMIN_TABLES procedure. Listing 24-8. Using the DBMS_REPAIR Package to Detect Block Corruption SQL> BEGIN 2 DBMS_REPAIR.ADMIN_TABLES ( 3 TABLE_NAME => 'REPAIR_TABLE', 4 TABLE_TYPE => dbms_repair.repair_table, 5 ACTION => dbms_repair.create_action, 6 TABLESPACE => 'USERS'); 7 END; 8* / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> BEGIN 2 DBMS_REPAIR.ADMIN_TABLES ( 3 TABLE_NAME => 'ORPHAN_KEY_TABLE', 4 TABLE_TYPE => dbms_repair.orphan_table, 5 ACTION => dbms_repair.create_action, 6 TABLESPACE => 'USERS'); 7 END; 8*/ PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> Listing 24-9 shows the columns of the repair_table you just created. The table gives you the object_id and the block_id for the corrupt block. It also gives you a description of the corruption and the repair that fixed the corrupt block. Listing 24-9. Describing the repair_table SQL> DESC REPAIR_TABLE Name --------------------OBJECT_ID TABLESPACE_ID RELATIVE_FILE_ID

We now perform the comparison checks against the monitor thresholds as before. The first check determines if the current process age is between the low and high thresholds. The second sees if the current age is above the high threshold. In both these cases, call the notify() function for end-user output and process termination. The final possibility is that there is no issue, and in this case the script gives a message stating that the process is OK.

BLOCK_ID CORRUPT_TYPE SCHEMA_NAME OBJECT_NAME BASEOBJECT_NAME PARTITION_NAME CORRUPT_DESCRIPTION REPAIR_DESCRIPTION MARKED_CORRUPT CHECK_TIMESTAMP FIX_TIMESTAMP REFORMAT_TIMESTAMP SQL> After you create the two tables, repair_table and orphan_keys_table, it s time to check for block corruption using the CHECK_OBJECT procedure, as shown in Listing 24-10. Listing 24-10. Using the DBMS_REPAIR.CHECK_OBJECT Procedure SQL> DECLARE num_corrupt INTEGER; 2 BEGIN 3 num_corrupt := 0; 4 DBMS_REPAIR.CHECK_OBJECT( 5 schema_name => 'HR', 6 object_name => 'EMPLOYEES', 7 repair_table_name => 'REPAIR_TABLE', 8 corrupt_count => num_corrupt); 9 END 10 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL>